海产鱼类中异尖线虫酶消化检测技术的研究与应用     

许旭  黄维义  隋建新  林洪  鲜均章  励建荣  曹立民 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,40(3)

以3种海鱼(牙鲆、狭鳕、鲱鱼)为样本,针对海产品中主要的致病性寄生虫-异尖线虫,开展了酶消化检测技术的研究.根据鱼肉消化前后干物质的质量变化设计了胃蛋白酶消化效率的计算方法,并按照鱼肉:消化液＝1:10 (g/mL)的反应比例,分别确定了酶水解鱼肉的最佳条件为:初始pH值为1.1,温度为37 ℃,酶活力为8 U/mL左右;消化后所得的虫体采用多重PCR方法替代传统的形态学观察进行种属鉴定,从而初步建立了基于酶水解-多重PCR的异尖线虫的酶消化检测体系.实际样本检测表明,该技术可以较为准确、快速地用于海产鱼类中简单异尖线虫(Anisakis simplex)和伪地新线虫(Pseudoterranova decipiens)的确证性检测.  相似文献   

The control of maturity and kerogen type on quantitative analytical pyrolysis data     

Kjell ygard  Steve Larter  Joe Senftle 《Organic Geochemistry》1988,13(4-6)

Quantitative pyrolysis-gas chromatography has been performed on 96 kerogen samples isolated from 17 wells on the Norwegian Continental shelf. Petrographic and bulk geochemical measurements were also performed on the samples, and a combined data set of 117 variables for each sample was analysed using principal components analysis (PCA). This approach provides an objective and reproducible means of kerogen characterisation, which can be easily automated. In addition to objective kerogen characterisation and facile visualisation of facies and maturity related chemical trends, the method has the potential to allow objective prediction of key geochemical parameters such as maturity level from pyrogram data.  相似文献   

Li_2S─B_2O_3（─LiBr）玻璃的结构表征          下载免费PDF全文

高海春  火焱  孙长敏 《盐湖研究》1995,(1)

用ＮＭＲ和ＸＰＳ技术研究了Ｌｉ２Ｓ─Ｂ２Ｏ３（─ＬｉＢｒ）体系硫氧化物玻璃的结构，结果指出，４─配位硼分数Ｎ４仅仅由玻璃Ｌｉ２Ｓ／Ｂ２Ｏ３摩尔比决定．而与ＬｉＢｒ含量无关，这表明Ｌｉ２Ｓ作为变形剂参与了玻璃网络形成，而ＬｉＢｒ仅作为参杂剂溶解于玻璃基体中，并进入网络间隙。含ＬｉＢｒ玻璃７ＬｉＮＭＲ谱运动变窄说明Ｌｉ＋离子是移迁离子．Ｓ２ｐ的ＸＰＳ解析谱证实了玻璃中桥硫和非桥硫的存在．Ｌｉｌｓ结合能值显示出Ｌｉ＋离了迁移的化学环境。  相似文献   

Ground motion characterization and seismic hazard assessment in Spain: context,problems and recent developments     

Belén Benito  Jorge M. Gaspar-Escribano 《Journal of Seismology》2007,11(4):433-452

This article points out some particular features conditioning seismic hazard assessments (SHA) in Spain, a region with low–moderate seismicity. Although sized earthquakes occurred in the past, as evidenced by historical documents and neotectonic studies, no large events occurred during the last decades. The absence of strong motion records corresponding to earthquakes with magnitude larger than 5.5 is an important obstacle for the development of ground motion models constrained by local data, with the consequent difficulty in SHA studies. In this paper, some recent developments aiming at providing solutions to these difficulties are presented. Specifically, a strong motion databank containing a massive collection of accelerograms and response spectra from different configurations source-path-site corresponding to earthquakes all over the world is introduced, together with software utilities for its management. A first application of this databank is the development of specific ground motion models for Spain and for the Mediterranean region that predict peak ground accelerations as a function of several definitions of magnitude, distance and soil class. The predictive power of these ground motion models is tested by contrasting their estimates with recently recorded ground motions. The comparison between our ground-motion models with others proposed in the literature for other areas reveals a regular overestimation of the expected ground motions at Spanish sites by the non-local models. Consequently, SHA studies based in external models may overestimate the predicted hazard at the Iberian sites. In the last part of the paper a method for checking whether the response spectra proposed in the Spanish Building Code (NCSE-02) are consistent with actual accelerometric data from recent low magnitude earthquakes is applied. The spectral shapes of the Spanish Building Code NCSE-02 are compared with the response spectral shapes deduced from the available accelerograms by normalising the response spectra with the recorded PGA. It is appreciated that the NCSE-02 spectral shapes are exceeded by a large number of actual spectral shapes for short periods (around 0.2 s), a result to be taken into account in further revisions of the NCSE-02 code. The issues tackled in this work constitute not only an improvement for ground-motion characterisation in Spain, but also provide guidelines of general interest for potential applications in other regions with similar seismicity.  相似文献   

3D image-based characterization of fluid displacement in a Berea core     

M. Prodanović  W.B. Lindquist  R.S. Seright 《Advances in water resources》2007

Improved network flow models require the incorporation of increasingly accurate geometrical characterization of the microscale pore structure as well as greater information on fluid–fluid interaction (interfaces) at pore scales. We report on three dimensional (3D) pore scale medium characterization, absolute permeability computations for throat structures, and pore scale residual fluid distribution in a Berea core. X-ray computed microtomography combined with X-ray attenuating dopants is used to obtain 3D images of the pore network and to resolve phase distributions in the pore space.  相似文献   

Barometric pumping effects on soil gas studies for geological and environmental characterization     

D. E. Wyatt  D. M. Richers  R. J. Pirkle 《Environmental Geology》1995,25(4):243-250

Data from two free soil gas sampling programs are evaluated for the effects of barometric pumping over time on measured soil gas volumes. One program collected data from the trapped atmosphere immediately above two hazardous waste landfill areas. Of these areas, one had extremely high soil gas emanations, whereas the other had a more modest soil gas release. The second experimental program involved the collection of free soil gas samples on a rough grid with an approximate spacing of 1.6 km over a 720-sq-km area. This reconnaissance effort was designed to establish regional soil gas background values and to establish the utility of this method as a geological mapping tool in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Methane, ethane, propane, and hydrogen data are used for this study. The data suggest that there is a predictable change in soil gas volume with a given change in barometric pressure. The rate of change is greater with large soil gas volumes in permeable soils versus lower soil gas volumes in impermeable soils; however, a simple linear relationship seems to generate a predictable curve with a margin of error of approximately 50%. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that barometric pumping effects should be strongly considered during soil gas screening efforts at hazardous waste sites as well as in regional studies for hydrocarbon source potential mapping.  相似文献   

Electricity consumption patterns within cities: application of a data-driven settlement characterization method     

Pranab K. Roy Chowdhury  Jeanette E. Weaver  Eric M. Weber  Dalton Lunga  St. Thomas M. LeDoux  Amy N. Rose 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(1):119-135

ABSTRACT

Urban areas presently consume around 75% of global primary energy supply, which is expected to significantly increase in the future due to urban growth. Having sustainable, universal energy access is a pressing challenge for most parts of the globe. Understanding urban energy consumption patterns may help to address the challenges to urban sustainability and energy security. However, urban energy analyses are severely limited by the lack of urban energy data. Such datasets are virtually non-existent for the developing countries. As per current projections, most of the new urban growth is bound to occur in these data-starved regions. Hence, there is an urgent need of research methods for monitoring and quantifying urban energy utilization patterns. Here, we apply a data-driven approach to characterize urban settlements based on their formality, which is then used to assess intra-urban urban energy consumption in Johannesburg, South Africa; Sana’a, Yemen; and Ndola, Zambia. Electricity is the fastest growing energy fuel. By analyzing the relationship between the settlement types and the corresponding nighttime light emission, a proxy of electricity consumption, we assess the differential electricity consumption patterns. Our study presents a simple and scalable solution to fill the present data void to understand intra-city electricity consumption patterns.  相似文献   

Tar ball frequency data and analytical results from a long-term beach monitoring program     

Owens EH  Mauseth GS  Martin CA  Lamarche A  Brown J 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(8):770-780

Following the spill of fuel oils from the New Carissa in February 1999, approximately 300 km of beaches on the Pacific coast of North America were surveyed. A long-term observation program focused on the documentation of stranded tar balls in the vicinity of the spill site. Systematic beach surveys which were conducted over the period March 1999 to April 2001 and semi-logarithmic scale, time-series plots proved the most useful format for identifying trends. Beach monitoring continued through to August 2001. by which time 212 tar balls had been analyzed by GC/MS for their chemical characteristics. The samples of tar balls collected between February 1999 and August 2001 were qualitatively compared with New Carissa source oils (NCSO) and 101 (48%) were not consistent with NSCO. The presence of tar balls that are not related to an incident can confound attempts to define cleanup or endpoint criteria and to assess possible injury to natural resources.  相似文献   

基于探针气体吸附等温线的矿物材料表征技术:Ⅱ.多孔材料的孔隙结构   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨侃  陆现彩  刘显东  侯庆锋 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2006,25(4):362-368

含纳米孔的天然矿物岩石材料的吸附和催化性能对于表生地球化学过程、材料加工、应用及煤炭开发利用等方面均有着重要意义。本文对比分析了各种纳米孔表征技术,重点介绍了基于吸附等温线的纳米孔研究方法。对三个典型样品等温线数据的模型计算表明,应根据材料中孔的形态(平行板状孔、球形孔和圆柱形孔)选择模型,不同类型孔所对应的计算方法和参数有很大差别。表征材料表面能量均匀的样品可首先考虑采用DFT法;HK法一般只作为定性研究方法,BJH方法受样品本身性质参数的影响较小,且计算简单,可广泛应用于介孔材料的孔径分布的表征。  相似文献   

垂直上升管中气液两相流电导波动信号的混沌特性分析   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

金宁德  郑桂波  胡凌云 《地球物理学报》2006,49(5):1552-1560

首先以Lorenz混沌方程产生的非线性时间序列为例，讨论了在不同时间序列长度下各种延迟时间算法对噪声的适用性.研究发现，采用C_C算法计算延迟时间的鲁棒性强.在此基础上，给出了垂直上升管中气水两相流电导波动信号混沌表征结果，发现在较低水相表观速度时，随着气相表观速度增加，泡状流及混状流动力学特性变得愈加复杂，而段塞流动力学特性受液相表观速度影响较大；在较高水相表观速度时，随着气相表观速度增加，当流型从泡状流向段塞流转变时，气液两相流动力学特性变得相对简单.但是，由于受液相湍流作用影响，段塞流的动力学特性表现出了涨落现象，呈现不稳定性，当流型从段塞流向混状流转变时，气液两相流动力学特性则变得愈加复杂.研究结果表明：基于电导波动信号的混沌分析可以较好地表征气液两相流流型变化，是理解流型转变机理及其动力学演变特性的有用工具.  相似文献